At the end of the 19th century, Maria Montessori became Italy’s first modern woman physician. Early in her career, she struggled to advance in the male-dominated profession. As a member of the University of Rome department, she was assigned to the city’s mental hospitals to experiment with the patients’ ability to learn, a task considered boring and unimportant by medical professionals at the time. Although her education was in medicine, her interaction with mentally-disabled children inspired her to study the processes of the mind. By 1906, she had resigned from the university to pursue a career in child education.
Starting with sixty working-class children, Montessori established a children’s house in Rome to foster (培养) an environment ideally suited for child development. Her efforts led her students—even those with supposed learning disabilities—to be excellent at standardized examinations. In the children’s house, Montessori realized how readily children learnt from their environment.
At its core(核心), the Montessori Method is a means of fostering development and learning in children. The comparison of a child’s development with universal standards is discouraging, since it is believed that children naturally develop in different ways and acquire skills at different times. Acknowledging this, a Montessori educator closely observes the child and provides him or her with the tools necessary for independent learning. Adults avoid giving criticism for mistakes and rewards for successes. The goal of these steps is to ease the child into an environment of learning without fear. Self-learning and self-correction are the fundamental processes of the Montessori Method, which Maria Montessori showed will foster a lifelong love of learning and joy in the pursuit of one’s goals.
Today, children are taught with the Montessori Method in both public and private schools in the United States and many countries around the world. With increasing pressure on schools to provide quality education to a growing population, Montessori’s ideas of teaching self-reliance and love of learning continue to gain in popularity.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了玛丽亚·蒙台梭利的生平和她提出的独特教授方法的起源和发展以及它的核心。
29. After becoming a doctor , Montessori faced strong pressure from __________.（ ）
30. The first 60 children in the children’s house __________.（ ）
31.What does the Montessori Method require an educator to do ? （ ）
32. What does the last paragraph mainly discuss ? （ ）
确定题目关键词，在文章中找到对应部分，回到题目逐一对照。A做研究，B在罗马大学授课C医学领域被男人占据，都不符合题意，因此选D
事实细节题，直接信息理解题。根据文章第一段“she was assigned to the city’s mental hospitals to experiment with the patients’ ability to learn, a task considered boring and unimportant by medical professionals at the time.” 可知，玛丽亚·蒙台梭利被派到精神病院研究病人的学习能力这项工作很无聊也很微不足道 。所以选择D。
把握不住细节信息。
确定题目关键词，在文章中找到对应部分，回到题目逐一对照。A学习能力严重不足，B来自富裕的家庭D在学术上表现的很好。都不符合题意，因此选C
事实细节题，直接信息理解题。根据“In the children’s house, Montessori realized how readily children learnt from their environment. ” 可知， 孩子们对如此美好的环境有点紧张不适应。所以选择C。
把握不住细节信息。
确定题目关键词，在文章中找到对应部分，回到题目逐一对照。B要求学生为自己提供学习工具。C是学生成为学习的主体D十分注重统一标准要求学生。都不符合题意，因此选A
事实细节题，直接信息理解题。根据倒数第二段“At its core(核心), the Montessori Method is a means of fostering development and learning in children. The comparison of a child’s development with universal standards is discouraging, since it is believed that children naturally develop in different ways and acquire skills at different times. ” 可知，玛丽亚·蒙台梭利的方法主要是鼓励学生发展而不是一味地做消极的高标准要求。所以选择A。
把握不住细节信息。
抓取文章大意，综合事实。A讲述了玛丽亚·蒙台梭利教授方法的起源B玛丽亚·蒙台梭利教授方法所产生的影响。D玛丽亚·蒙台梭利教授方法有很多局限性。结合文章，选择C。
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段描述，Montessori’s ideas of teaching self-reliance and love of learning continue to gain in popularity.可知，玛丽亚·蒙台梭利所提出的教授学生独立学习和热爱学习的想法越来越受欢迎。可以判断C。
把握不住文章中心。