请阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意: 请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。 每个空格只填一个单词。
People select news in expectation of a reward. This reward may be either of two kinds. One is
related to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle, the other to what he calls the Reality Principle.
For want of better names, we shall call these two classes immediate reward and delayed reward.
In general, the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of
crime and corruption, accidents and disasters, sports, social events, and human interest. Delayed
reward may be expected from news of public affairs, economic matters, social problems, science,
education, and health.
News of the first kind pays its rewards at once. A reader can enjoy an indirect experience
without any of the dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder, shake his
head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane, identify himself with the winning team, laugh
understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.
News of the second kind, however, pays its rewards later. It sometimes requires the reader to
tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance — as, for example, when he reads of the threatening foreign situation, the mounting national debt, rising taxes, falling market, scarce housing, and cancer. It has a kind of “threat value.” It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared. When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work. When he selects news of the other kind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.
For any individual, of course, the boundaries of these two classes are not stable. For example, a
sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem, rather than for its immediate reward. A
coach may read a sports story for its threat value: he may have to play that team next week. A
politician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting, not for its delayed reward, but very much as his wife reads an account of a party. In any given story of corruption or disaster, a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect experience, but also the
delayed reward of information and preparedness. Therefore, while the division of categories holds in general, an individual’s tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or
divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.
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rewards/rewarded
根据“People select news in expectation of a reward. This reward may be either of two kinds.”可知此处填rewards/rewarded“得到回报,被奖励”。
理解文章内容,对信息进行有效的理解和定位,做到选择有理,排除有据。
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Explanations
文章二、三、四段是对“immediate reward(即时回报) ”和“delayed reward(迟来的回报)”的解释。
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involvement
根据第三段第二句“A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved.”可知此处填involvement“参与”。
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share
根据第三段中“A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe-murder, shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane, identify himself with the winning team, and laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.”可知读者会将自己和新闻故事中发生的事紧紧联系在一起,和参与者有相似的感受。因此此处填share“同样有”。
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threat
根据第四段中“It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance -as, for example, when he reads of the threatening foreign situation, the mounting national debt, rising taxes, falling market, scarce housing, and cancer. It has a kind of ‘threat value.’”可知此处填threat“威胁”。
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prepare
根据第四段中“It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared.”可知此处填prepare,与后面介词for搭配“为…做准备”。
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withdraw
根据第四段中“When he selects news of the other kind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream world.”可知此处填withdraw“退出,离开”。
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profession(s)/intention
根据最后一段中“For example, a sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem, rather than for its immediate reward. A coach may read a sports story for its threat value: he may have to play that team next week. A politician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting, not for its delayed reward, but very much as his wife reads an account of a party.”可知读者对新闻故事的期待很大程度上受他们职业的影响。此处填profession(s)“职业”或intention“意图,动机”。
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adapt
根据第四段中“When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work.”可知此处填adapt“使适应”。
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depends
根据最后一段中“while the division of categories holds in general, an individual’s tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.”可知这一分类取决于读者个体。此处填depends,和后面的介词on搭配“取决于”。
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