1.Many Chinese brands, __________their reputations over centuries,are facing new challenges from the modern market.
2. __________not for the support of the teachers,the student could not overcome her difficulty.
3.Located_________the Belt meets the Road,Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
4.The publication of Great Expectations,which_________both widely reviewed and highly praised,strengthened Dickens,status as a leading novelist.
5.Working with the medical team in Africa has_________the best in her as a doctor.
6.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20,half of_________it used to charge.
8.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme,one of_____purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
9.Only five years after Steve Jobs’ death ,smart –phones defeated _________PCs in sales.
10.A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help _________your year ahead.
11.He’s been informed that he _________for the scholarship because of his academic background.
12.Determining where we are _________our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.
13.——What does the stuff on your T-shirt mean ?
——it’s nothing .Just something _________.
14.The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents .But _________explanations
are hard to find .
15. ——Going to watch the Women’s Volleyball Match on Wednesday?
——!Will you go with me ?
For a long time Gabriel didn’t want to beinvolved in music at all. In his first years of high school,Gabriel would lookpityingly at music students, 36 across the campus withtheir heavy instrument cases. 37 at school for practicehours 38 anyone else had to be there.He swore tohimself to 39 music,as he hated getting to school extra early.
__40___，one day，in the music class that was __41_of his school’s standardcurriculurn，he wasplaying idly （随意地）on thepiano and found it ____42___to pick out tunes.With a sinking feeling,herealized that he actually __43__doing it.Hetried ti hide his __44__pleasurefrom the music teather,who had __45__over to listen.Hemight not have thisparticularly well,__46__the teacher told Gabriel that he had a good___47__andsuggested that Gabriel go into the musin store-room ti see if any of theinstruments there __48__him.There he decided to give the cello（大提琴）a __49__.When he beganpracticing,he took it very __50__.But he quickly found that he loved playingthis instrurnent,and was __51__to practicing it so that within a couple ofmonths he was playing reasonably well.
This __52__,of course,that he arrived atschool early in the morning,__53__his heavy instrument case across the campusto the __54__looks of the non-musicians he had left__55__.
36.A.travelling B.marching C.pacing D.struggling
37. A.risingup B.coming up C.driving up D.turningup
38. A.before B.after C.until D.since
39. A.betray B.accept C.avoid D.appreciate
40. A.Therefore B.However C.Thus D.Moreover
41. A.part B.nature C.basis D.apirit
42. A.complicate B.safe C.confusing D.easy
43. A.missed B.disliked C.enioyed D.denied
44. A.transparent B.obvious C.false D.similar
45. A.run B.jogged C.jumped D.wandered
46. A.because B.but C.though D.so
47. A.ear B.taste C.heart D.voice
48. A.occurred B.took to C.appealed D.held to
49. A.change B.chance C.mission D.function
50. A.seriously B.proudly C.casually D.admitted
51. A.committed B.used C.limited D.admitted
52. A.proved B.showed C.stressed D.meant
53. A.pushing B.dragging C.lifting D.rushing
54. A.admiring B.pitying C.annoying D.teasing
55. A.over B.aside C.behind D.out
A
CHRONOLOGICA
——The Unbelievable Years thatDefined History
DID YOU KNOW…
In 105AD paper was invented inChina?
WhenColumbus discovered the New World?
TheBritish Museum opened in 1759?
CHRONOLOGICA is a fascinating journey throughtime,from the foundation of Rome to the creation of the internet.Along the wayare tales of kings and queens,hot air balloons…and monkeys in space.
Travel through 100of the most unbelievable years in world history and ledrn why being a RomanEmperor wasn’t always as good as it sounds,how the Hundred Years’ War didn’tactually last for 100 years and why Spencer Perceval holds a rather unfortunaterecord.
CHRONOLOGICA is an informative and entertaining tourinto history,beautifully illustrated and full of unbelievable facts.WhileCHRONOLOGICA tells the stories of famous people in history such as ThomasEdison and Alexander the Great,this book also gives ab account of the lives oflesser-known individuals including the exploeer Mungo Park and sculptor GutzonBorglum.
This complete butbrief historical collection is certain to entertain readers young and old,andguaranteed to present even the biggest history lover with somgthing new!
56.What is CHRONOLOGICA according to the next?
A．A biography.
B．A travel guide.
C．A history book.
D.A science fiction.
57.How does the writer recommend CHRONOLOGICA to readers?
A．By giving details of its collection.
B．By introducing some of its contents.
C．By telling stories at the beginning.
D．By comparing it with other books.
B
Before birth,babies can tell the differencebetween loud sounds and voices.They can even distinguish their mother’s voicefrom that of a female stranger.But when it comes to embryonic learning（胎教），birds could rule the roost.Asrecently reported in The Auk:Ornithological Adrances,some mother birds mayteach their young to sing even before they hatch(孵化)。New-bornchicks can then imitate their mom’s call within a few days of enering theworld.
Thiseducational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kieindorfer,a biologistat Flinders University in South Australia,and her collcagues.Femake Australiansuperb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again whilehatching their errs,When the errs were hatched,the baby birds made the similarchirp to their mothers—asound that served as their regular “feed me!”call.
To find out if the special quality was morewidespread in birds,the researchers sought the red-backed fairy wren,anotherspecies of Australian songbird.First they collected sound datd from 67 nests infour sites in Queenslang before and after hatching,Then they identified beggingcalls by analyzing the order and number of notes.A computer analysis blindlycompared calls produced by mothers and chicks,ranking them by similarity.
Itturns out that baby red-backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like theirmoms. And the more frequently mothers had called to their errs,the more similarwere the babies’ begging calls. In addition,the team set up a separateexperiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated theirmom’s voice were rewarded with the most food.
This observation hints that effectiveembryonic learning could signal neurological(神经系统的)strengths of children to parents.An evolutionary inference can thenbe drawn.”As a parent,do you invest in quality children,or do you invest inchildren that are in need?”Kleindorfer asks.”Our results suggest that theymight be going for quality.”
58.The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means“___ ”.
A.be theworst B.be the best
C.be the asbad D.be just as good
59.What are Kleindorfer’s findings based on?
A.Similaritiesbetween the calls moms and chicks.
B.Theobservation of fairy wrens across Australia.
C.The datacollected from Queensland’s locals.
D.Controlledexperiments on wrens and other birds.
60.Embryonic learning helps mother birds to identify the babybirds which .
A.can receive qualitysignals B.are in need oftraining
C.fit the environmentbetter D.make the loudest call
C
A new commodity brings about a highlyprofitable,fast-growing industry,urging antitrust（反垄断）regulatorsto step in to check those who control its flow. A century ago ,the resource inquestion was oil. Now similar concerns ares being raised by the giants（巨头）thatdeal in data, the oil of the digital age. The most valuable firms areGoogle,Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft. All look unstoppable.
Suchsituations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up. But sizealone is not a crime,The giants' success has benefited consumers. Few want tolive without search engines or a quick delivery, Far from charging consumershigh prices, many of these services are free (users pay, in effect, by handingover yet more data). And the appearance of new-born giants suggests thatnewcomers can make waves, too.
But there is cause for concern. Theinternet has made data abundant, all-present and far more valuable, changingthe nature of data and competition. Google initially used the data collectedfrom users to target advertising better. But recently it has discovered thatdata can be turned into new services: translation and visual recognition, to besold to other companies. Internet companies’ control of data gives themenormous power. So they have a “God’s eye view” of activities in their ownmarkets and beyond.
Thisnature of data makes the antitrust measures of the past less useful. Breakingup firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves:in time, one of them would become great again. A rethink is required—and as anew approach starts to become apparent, two ideas stand out.
Thefirst is that antitrust authorities need to move form the industrial age intothe 21st century. When considering a merger(兼并),forexample, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in. Theynow need to take into account the extent of firms'data assets(资产)when assessing the impact of deals. The purchase price could also be a signalthat an established company is buying a new-borm threat. When this takes place,especially when a new-born company has no revenue to speak of, the regulatorsshould raise red flags.
The second principle is to loosen the control that providers of on-line services have over data and give more to those who supply them.Companies could be forced to consumers what information they hold and how many money they make form it.Govemments could order the sharing of certain kinds of data,with users' consent.
Restarting antitrust for the information age will not be easy But if govemments don't wants a data oconomy by a few giants,they must act soon.
61.Why is there a call to break upgiants?
A. They have controlled the datamarket
B. They collect enormous private data
C. They no longer provide freeservices
D. They dismissed some new-borngiants
62.What does the technologicalinnovation in Paragraph 3 indicate?
A. Data giants’ technology is veryexpensive
B. Google’s idea is popular amongdata firms
C. Data can strengthen giants’controlling position
D. Data can be turned into newservices or products
63.By paying attention to firms’ data assets,antitrust regulators could .
A. kill a new threat
B. avoid the size trap
C. favour bigger firms
D. charge higher prices
64.What is the purpose of loosening the giants’control of data?
A. Big companies could relieve data security pressure.
B. Governments could relieve their financial pressure.
C. Consumers could better protect their privacy.
D. Small companies could get more opportunities.
D
OldProblem，New Approaches
While clean energy isincreasingly used in our daily life，global warning will continue for some decades after CO2emissions（排放）peak. Soeven if emission were to begin decrease today，we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate. Here Iwill stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.
When it comes toadaptation，it isimportant to understand that climate change is a process. We are therefore nottalking about adapting to a new standard，but to a constantly shifting set of conditions. This is why in partat least，the USNational Climate Assessment says that:”there is no ‘one-size fit all’adaptation.” Nevertheless，there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk orcost.
Around the world people are adapting in surprising ways，especially in some poor countries，Floods have some more damaging inBangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others sawonly disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serveras floating libraries，scbools，and health clinics，and are equipment with solar panels and other communicationfacilities. Rezwan is creating floating connecticity（连体） to replace flooded roads andhighways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level：his staff people how to makefloating gardens fish ponds prevent atarcation during the wet season.
Around the world, people are adapting insurprising ways, especially in some poor countries, Fllods have become moredamaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mobammed Rezwan saw opportunily whereothers saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boatsthat serve as floating libraries, schoods, and health clinics, and are equippedwith solar panels and other communicating facilities. Rezwan is creatingfloating conmetivity（连接） to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at afar more fundamental level: his staff show people how to make floating gardensand fish ponds to prevent starvation during the wet season.
Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishingactions are being taken. Chewang. Nophel lives in a mountaionous region inIndia, where he is known as the Ice Man. The loss of glaciers(冰川) there due to global warmingrepresents an enormous threat to agriculture. Without the glaciers, water willarrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops. Norphel’s inspirationcome from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. Hedirected the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was storeduntil the spring. His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation(灌溉) water. Having created nine suchice reserves. Nophel calculates that he has stored about 200, 000m3 of water. Climate change is acontinuing process, so Norhel’s ice reserves will not last forever. Warmingwill overtake them. But he is providing a few years during which the farmerswill, perhaps, be able to find other means of adapting.
Increasing Earth’s reflectiveness can cool the planet. In southernSpain the sudden increase of greenhouses (which reflect light back to space)has changed the warming trend locally, and actually cooled the region. WhileSpain as a whole is heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhouses havedecreased. This example should act as an inspiration for all cities. Bypainting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.
In Peni, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that hasalready fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountainpeak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore thelife-giving ice. The outcome is still far from clear, But the World Bank hasincluded the project on its of ‘100 ideas to save the planet”.
More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere. A friendof mine owns an area of land in western Victoria. Over five generations theland has been too wet for cropping. But during the past decade decliningrainfall has allows him to plant highly profitable crops. Farmers in many countriesare also adapting like this—either by growing new produce, or by growing thesame things differently. This is common sense, But some suggestions foradapting are not. When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost thebattle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it’s anonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.
Human beings will continue to adapt to thechanging climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways. But the most sensibleform of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbonpollution. After all, if we adapt in the way, we may avoid the need to changein so many others.
65. The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies .
A. adaptation is an ever-changing process
B. the cost of adaptation varies with time
C. global warming affects adaptation forms
D. adaptation to climate change ischallenging
66. What is special with regard to Rezwan’s project?
A. The project receives government support.
B. Different organizations work with eachother.
C. His organization makes the best of a badsituation.
D. The project connects flooded roads andhighways.
67. What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming?
A. Storing ice for future use.
B. Protecting the glaciers from melting.
C. Changing the irrigation time.
D. Postponing the melting of the glaciers.
68. What do we learn from the Peru example?
A. White paint is usually safe forbuildings.
B. The global warming tread cannot bestopped.
C. This country is heating up too quickly.
D. Sunlight reflection may relieve globalwarming.
69. According to the author, polluting industries should .
A. adapt to carbon pollution
B. plant highly profitable crops
C. leave carbon emission alone
D. fight against carbon pollution
70. What’s the author’s preferred solution to global warming?
A. setting up a new standard.
B. Readucing carbon emission.
C. Adapting to climate change.
D. Monitoring polluting industries.
Population Change
Why is the world’s population growing？The answer is not what you mightthink.The reason for the explosion is not that people have been reproducinglike rabbits,but that people have stopped dropping dead like flies.In1900,people died at the average age of 30.By 2000 the average age was 65.Butwhile increasing health was a tupical feature of the 20thcentury,declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st.
Statistics show that the average number ofbirths per woman has fallen from 4.9 in the early 1960s to 2.5 owadays.Furthermore,around50% of the world’s population live in regions where the figure is now below thereplacement level(i.e.2.1 births per woman)and almost all developed nations areexperiencing sub-repalanement birth rate.You might think that developing nationswould make up the loss(especially since80% of the world’s people now live insuch nations),but you’d be wrong,Declining birth rate is a major problem inmany developing regions too,which might cause catastrophic global shortages ofwork force within a few decades.
A great decline in young work force islikely to occur in China,for instance.What does it imply?First,China needs toundergo rapid economic development before a population decline hits thecountry.Sencond,if other factors such as technology remain constant,economicgrowth and material expectations will fall well below recent standards and thiscould invite trouble.
Russia is another country with populationproblems that could break its economic promise.Since 1992 the number of peopledying has been biggen than that of those being born by a massive 50%,Indeedofficial figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people inRussia live a shorter life now than those in 1961.Why is this occurring?Nobodyis quite sure,but poor diet an above all long-time alcoholism have much to dowith it.If current trends don’t bend.Russia’s population will be about the sizeof Yemen’s by the year 2050.
In the north of india,the population isbooming due to high birth rates,but in the south,where most econmoic developmentis taking place,birth rate is falling rapidly.In a further twist,birth rate ishighest in poorly educated rural arceas an lowest in highly educated urbanareas.In total,25% of India’s working-age population has no education.In 2030,asixth of the country’s potential work force could be totally uneducated.
One solution is obviously to import foreignworkers via immigration.As for the USA,it is almost unique among developednations in having a population that is expected to grow by 20% from2010-2030,Moreover,the USA has a track record of successfully acceptingimmigrants.As a result it’s likely to see a rise in the size of its working-agepopulation and to witness strong economic growth over the longer term.
22.请认真阅读下面有关我国电影票房收入（box-office income）的柱状图及相关文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
【写作内容】
1.用约30个单词概述柱状图信息的主要内容；
2.我国电影票房收入变化的原因有哪些，简要谈谈你的看法（上述对话仅供参考，原因不少于两点）；
3.谈谈你对我国电影票房收入走向的看法，并简要说明理由。
【写作要求】
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。